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Single Scenery in History
——About the theoretical creation and vitality of Gongyang School in the late Qing Dynasty
Author: Chen Qitai (produced by Beijing Teachers and Dafa Academy of Sciences)
Source: “Chinese Civilization”, edited by Liu Mengxi, 2019
Time: Confucius was in the 2570 year of the year, November 26, Renchen
style=””>[Question]This issue of “Chinese Civilization” published the topic discussion text of Mr. Chen Qitai, and made a profound and detailed discussion on the theoretical creativity of Gongyang School in the late Qing Dynasty and its unique position in the history of academics. The academic evolution process is regarded as the “three-stage discussion”, namely the “Traditional Chinese Age” (before the Central Qing Dynasty) – the “End of the Chinese Age” (late Qing Dynasty) – the “Age of Treating History with Customs and Conducting Internal Studies” (after the Early 20th Century). In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, Gongyang Science was able to recover, and was inspiring with the tide of crisis in the era, showing extraordinary theoretical creativity. The important representative figures of Gongyang School in the late Qing Dynasty responded to the urgent questions of the times without any effort, and awakened the people from the verge of understanding the arrival of the “declined world” and advocated the implementation of transformation; Wei Yuan called for the view of the world and “teachers and barbarians to control the barbarians”; Kang You proposed the theoretical leader of the new and changing laws in order to combine Gongyang’s “Three Generations” with modern political management discussions in the East, and became a true understanding of the modern learning of Oriental Baobao.com‘s outstanding figure. The ram school style was popular in the late Qing Dynasty, and the storm was unstoppable, which made it hard to promote the social process and the changes in academics. The philosophical exploration of this work has in-depth philosophical expression: there is an internal foundation and internal force for the transformation to modern civilization; although the crisis was extremely heavy in the late Qing Dynasty, it was also a critical period for the Chinese nation to conquer the crisis and those who are keen on the way to save the nation. It can be abstractly called “the sunset of impetuous history.”
One, “Traditional Learning” and its duality
When talking about the “late Qing Dynasty”, people seem to have long formed a difficult impression: the internal situation is weak, the internal situation is in a state of inseparable relationship, and the fate of the people is declining and the decline is not revived! However, the development of history is full of evidence. From the 80 years since the Pangzi War to the fall of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty’s rule was extremely corrupt, social conflicts were increasingly intensified, and the tribe crisis continued to deepen. All these are certainly an unchangeable historical reality, but this is only an aspect of historical phenomena. On the other hand, those who are in contact with this are also more interested in the evolution of history. This is due to the continuous intensification of social conflicts and ethnic crisis, comforting the well-known people to slowly wake up and go forward to explore the way to save the nation. During this period, the Confucian scholar who had been in a low position for more than a thousand yearsGongyang School, who studied the modern Chinese language, was just about to be mentioned from the Jiadao period and to the new era of 1898. The rejuvenation process of Gongyang School was accompanied and inspired by the deepening of the crisis in the late Qing Dynasty and the exploration of the strong path of national salvation by the people of the country. This is a serious work that is extremely profound in the late Qing Dynasty’s academic history. This means that in the 80th year of the “late Qing Dynasty”, it was in the midst of the era. The first people to awaken called for changes and advance new things. Therefore, it was a politically extraordinary era. In academic civilization, the operation that marked the end of the academic era and the new format of modern academic education will be launched!
Exploring the rejuvenation of Gongyang School in the late Qing Dynasty, the rejuvenation of Gongyang School was not enough to discuss things or study Gongyang School, but should put it in the grand reversal of traditional science in this 80 years for a profound analysis. The “final end of the academic era” proposed here is to remind the connotation and meaning of this grand turn.
“Study” is a very common word used by people. It seems that everyone is familiar with it and has no deep meaning. In fact, we cannot treat the “school” from ancient times to the present. We should conduct historical and proof analysis, and the trees should have a mutually connected and practical and diverse academic concepts to evolve into the “three-stage discussion” concept:
Traditional learning;
The end of the late Qing Dynasty;
After the early 20th century, it has fallen into the sacred light circle and is only used as a subject of academic research.
These three concepts just reflect the in-depth changes in the conditions of the times and the difference between the academic concept, namely the quality of learning-guiding thinking.
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First of the Volume of Qiu Jun’s “Big Learning and Reproduction”
What is “Traditional Learning”? It refers to the ideological and shape system represented by the Confucian “Six Secrets” since Confucius founded primitive Confucianism and the Western Han Dynasty until the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty. Its body ended with the feudal society in China, which is both a political guiding thinking and an academic guiding thinking. As Dong Zhongshu said: “The constant flow of the six-heaven is the common meaning of ancient and modern times.” “The heaven does not change the Tao and the Tao do not change.” Another example is the Ming Confucian Qiu Jun’s emphasis on the sacredness of “Year and the Era”: “The commentator said “Year and the Era””Jian” uses one word as a compliment website. A word of praise is a gift from the bush, and a word of the net is as serious as an axe. ”[1] The Confucian thinking system represented by the six chapters includes precious price submitted network single-time value, such as the initiative Inheriting “tyranny”, “respect morality and protect people”, denying “harsh policies are fiercer than tigers”, reflecting the “destructive changes, changes, and long-term” laws of things, advocating the energy of “self-improvement” and “benefiting things”, and advocating “self-esteem and build people”, advocating “If you want to stand up, you will stand up others.” , if you want to reach the level, you will achieve others.” These types of people are in-depth and comprehensive integration of social laws, national management principles and advanced personality cultivation, and have true value. However, the study of the feudal era served the ruling level advantage. It strengthened the level of the system and could not surpass it. It advocated the three and five constants, and advocated the foolish and foolish people, “It can be used to make it, but it cannot make it Know it.” The lord insists on the ancient tradition and adheres to the principles of the rule, “only the ancients come from”, “the above and below”, the monarch’s words are “the imperial edict”, and he can only kneel down and bow down, and prohibits the ministers from being indifferent to their own mistakes, and can only be subjected to the rigidity. As a political and academic guiding thinking, this system of thinking will definitely lead to the preservation of old tendencies, and scholars dare not think independently, and society will fall Creating a vibrant atmosphere. In the period of feudal society, outstanding thinkers finally made criticism and arguments on several serious chronic diseases of the scientific thinking system through the experience of summarizing history and the conflicts of real society. In the early Qing Dynasty, Huang Zongxi criticized the harm of the monarch’s specialized government in “Mingyi Waiting to Visit·Yuanjun”: “It is the great harm of the whole country, and the king has been defeated. “I slaughtered the liver and brains of the whole country, and dispersed the descendants of the whole country to gain my own industry. I was not impressed! “During the Qianlong period, Dai Zhen angrily exposed the venerable, senior, and precious people who used “reason” to punish those who were lowly, young, and tyrants. “reason” became something that harmed countless inn